The 19th century saw the birth of scientific oncology with use of the modern microscope in studying diseased tissues. If the tumor had not invaded nearby tissue and was “moveable,” he said, “There is no impropriety in removing it.”Ī century later the development of anesthesia allowed surgery to flourish and classic cancer operations such as the radical mastectomy were developed. The famous Scottish surgeon John Hunter (1728-1793) suggested that some cancers might be cured by surgery and described how the surgeon might decide which cancers to operate on. This laid the foundation for scientific oncology, the study of cancer. In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni of Padua was the first to do something which has become routine today – he did autopsies to relate the patient’s illness to pathologic findings after death. Autopsies, done by Harvey (1628), led to an understanding of the circulation of blood through the heart and body that had until then been a mystery. Scientists like Galileo and Newton began to use the scientific method, which later was used to study disease. Cancer in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuriesĭuring the Renaissance, beginning in the 15th century, scientists developed greater understanding of the human body. Although the crab analogy of Hippocrates and Celsus is still used to describe malignant tumors, Galen’s term is now used as a part of the name for cancer specialists – oncologists. Galen (130-200 AD), another Greek physician, used the word oncos (Greek for swelling) to describe tumors. The Roman physician, Celsus (25 BC - 50 AD), later translated the Greek term into cancer, the Latin word for crab. In Greek, these words refer to a crab, most likely applied to the disease because the finger-like spreading projections from a cancer called to mind the shape of a crab. The origin of the word cancer is credited to the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC), who is considered the “Father of Medicine.” Hippocrates used the terms carcinos and carcinoma to describe non-ulcer forming and ulcer-forming tumors. The writing says about the disease, “There is no treatment.” Origin of the word cancer It describes 8 cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast that were removed by cauterization with a tool called the fire drill. It’s called the Edwin Smith Papyrus and is a copy of part of an ancient Egyptian textbook on trauma surgery. Our oldest description of cancer (although the word cancer was not used) was discovered in Egypt and dates back to about 3000 BC. Bony skull destruction as seen in cancer of the head and neck has been found, too. Growths suggestive of the bone cancer called osteosarcoma have been seen in mummies. Some of the earliest evidence of cancer is found among fossilized bone tumors, human mummies in ancient Egypt, and ancient manuscripts. So it’s no surprise that from the dawn of history people have written about cancer. 7 years.Human beings and other animals have had cancer throughout recorded history. Single territory rights for trade books worldwide rights for academic books. Image for Editorial (Books, magazines and newspaper) - extended (excludes advertising)Įg:Illustrate the inside of a book or magazine with a print run of 1,000 unitsĮditorial (Books, magazines and newspaper) - extended Image for Editorial (Books, magazines and newspaper) - standard All languages.Įg: Use this image as part of a social media post.Įditorial (Books, magazines and newspaper) - standard
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